ASHER BEN MESHULLAM HA-KOHEN OF LUNEL
- ASHER BEN MESHULLAM HA-KOHEN OF LUNEL
- ASHER BEN MESHULLAM HA-KOHEN OF LUNEL (late 12th
century), Provençal talmudist; known as the "Rosh of Lunel." He was the
son of meshullam b. jacob of Lunel and brother of
aaron b. meshullam of Lunel. He lived an ascetic life and was
referred to as a parush ("hermit") by Benjamin of Tudela.
Judah ibn Tibbon, who copied for Asher the Tikkun Middot
ha-Nefesh of Ibn Gabirol (Steinschneider, Oẓerot
Ḥayyim, 366), praised Asher for his positive attitude toward
science and encouraged his son's friendship with Asher. Few of
his responsa and decisions have been
preserved in the works of others, and only fragments of his halakhic
works have been preserved. Several talmudic comments quoted in the
Sefer ha-Hashlamah of his nephew, meshullam b. moses ,
are attributed to Asher, as well as a treatise on the laws of
niddui and ḥerem ("banning and excommunication").
Asher was the author of Sefer ha-Mattanot (extracts of which
were published by S. Assaf – see bibliography), a work which is modeled
on the Sefer ha-Mattanah of Samuel b. Hophni. Asher
apparently wrote a comprehensive work covering the whole of civil law of
which Sefer ha-Mattanot formed only a part. The whole book
was based on the Sefer ha-Din of Judah b. Barzillai
al-Bargeloni.
-BIBLIOGRAPHY:
J. Lubetzky (ed.), Sefer ha-Hashlamah, 1 (1885), x–xii
(pref.); S. Assaf, Mi-Sifrut ha-Ge'onim (1933), 1–31; Gross,
Gal Jud, 280–1; E. Urbach, Mazkeret … Herzog (1962), 411–3.
(Yehoshua Horowitz)
Encyclopedia Judaica.
1971.
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